Représentations sociales de la consultation prénatale (CPN) et recours aux médecines traditionnelles pendant la grossesse dans la Province du Maniema, en RDC
Mots-clés :
Consultation prénatale, Médecines traditionnelles, Représentations sociales, Grossesse, Province du Maniema, RDCRésumé
La consultation prénatale constitue une intervention essentielle pour réduire la mortalité maternelle et néonatale. Toutefois, son utilisation reste influencée par des facteurs socioculturels, économiques et symboliques souvent peu explorés dans les contextes africains. Cette étude vise à analyser les représentations sociales de la CPN et les pratiques associées dans la province du Maniema. Une étude qualitative exploratoire à visée phénoménologique a été menée en 2024 dans quatre zones de santé (Kindu, Alunguli, Kalima et Kunda). Un échantillonnage raisonné, combiné à une approche théorique, a permis d’inclure 45 participants (femmes enceintes, maris, tradipraticiens, agents de santé et leaders religieux). Les données ont été collectées à l’aide d’entretiens semi-structurés, de groupes de discussion et d’observations directes, puis analysées selon une approche thématique inspirée de la théorie des représentations sociales. La CPN est perçue comme un marqueur de modernité, mais aussi comme un espace ambivalent, oscillant entre protection et méfiance. La grossesse est socialement construite comme une période de vulnérabilité nécessitant un encadrement. Le recours à la médecine traditionnelle s’inscrit dans une logique de continuité culturelle et de quête de sens, traduisant un pluralisme thérapeutique. Les comportements de recours aux soins sont influencés par la famille, la spiritualité et la qualité des interactions avec les services de santé. Des barrières économiques et organisationnelles limitent l’accès à la CPN. Le recours à la CPN résulte d’une interaction complexe entre facteurs socioculturels et structurels. Une approche intégrée, culturellement adaptée et centrée sur la femme est nécessaire pour améliorer l’utilisation des services de santé maternelle.
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(c) Copyright José ASSANI TUTU, Léon Cyprien Ngandu wa Ngandu , Marie claire Omanyondo Ohambe 2026
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